In Islam, understanding the difference between haram and makruh is essential for every Muslim seeking to live a life that pleases Allah. Both terms relate to actions that are discouraged or forbidden, but they carry very different levels of seriousness and consequences.
In this article, we’ll explore the meanings of haram and makruh, their examples from the Quran and Hadith, and how scholars explain the distinction.
📖 What Does Haram Mean?
Haram (حرام) literally means “forbidden” in Arabic. In Islamic law (Shariah), it refers to actions that Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have explicitly prohibited.
🚫 Characteristics of Haram:
Clearly forbidden in the Quran or Sunnah.
Doing it is a major sin.
Avoiding it earns reward from Allah.
Persisting in it without repentance could lead to punishment in the Hereafter.
🕌 Quran and Hadith Evidence
“Do not approach zina (adultery), indeed it is an abomination and an evil way.” (Quran 17:32)
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whatever Allah has made haram is like a fenced sanctuary. Whoever grazes near it is likely to fall into it.” (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim).
🤔 What Does Makruh Mean?
Makruh (مكروه) means “disliked” or “detestable.” It refers to actions that are discouraged in Islam but not sinful if done.
⚠️ Characteristics of Makruh:
Discouraged but not strictly forbidden.
Avoiding it earns reward.
Doing it is not a sin, but it’s better avoided.
🕌 Quran and Hadith Indications
Though makruh actions aren’t explicitly labeled in Quran/Hadith, scholars derive them from the tone of discouragement.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“It is disliked for a man to drink standing up.” (Sahih Muslim)
This doesn’t make standing while drinking haram—it’s simply discouraged.
🏛️ Scholars’ Explanation on Haram vs Makruh
💬 Hanafi School:
The Hanafi madhhab divides makruh into two:
Makruh Tahrimi: Closer to haram (e.g., praying before sunset).
Makruh Tanzihi: Minor dislike (e.g., eating while standing).
💬 Shafi’i, Maliki, Hanbali Schools:
Generally consider makruh as one category: actions better avoided.
📝 Ibn Qudamah (Hanbali):
“Makruh is that which the doer is not punished for, but the avoider is rewarded.”
⚖️ Why Does This Distinction Matter?
Knowing the difference helps Muslims:
✅ Avoid major sins (haram) and seek repentance if committed.
✅ Improve faith by avoiding makruh, even if not sinful.
✅ Prioritize obligations and prohibitions correctly.
Posting Komentar